Food competences for young people
Food competences can help young people to choose, cook and eat safe healthy food. The food competences are set out as a framework of core skills and knowledge for children and young people. This helps to set out the essential building blocks so that schools and community-based organisations can provide young people with a consistent set of food skills and knowledge.
Within the themes of diet and health, consumer awareness, cooking (food preparation and handling), and food safety, the framework applies to young people aged between 5 and 16+. It also encompasses wider food issues reflecting the views of both the FSA and those who responded to the consultation, which was carried out during the development of the framework.
The food competences support wider UK Government work aimed at improving the health of young people and will contribute towards helping schools develop a 'whole school approach' to diet and health. Because they are progressive and cumulative from one age stage to the next, the competences can help young people make healthier choices that benefit them now and in later life.
Importantly, the competences apply to all learning experiences, both within and outside the school setting, and can be met at home or through other activities.
The food competences are being used and promoted through a UK-wide network of existing practitioners, such as the FSA What’s Cooking Programme, the Cooking Bus, Healthy Schools Programmes and other cooking club programmes.
The FSA is also working with other partners and encouraging other relevant organisations to utilise the food competences.
The food competences fall within the FSA’s core principles, which outline the Agency’s fundamental objectives in relation to its work with schools across the UK.
To find out more about the food competences please use the following grids.
You've selected to view the food competences by the age group you are interested in.
The age ranges are indicative of the key learning stages, in schools, across the UK.
Children are learning from a very early age - the food competences framework is broadly aimed at children from the age of 5 upwards.
| By the age of 7-9, children should: |
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| Diet and health |
- be aware that we all need a balanced and varied diet to grow, be active and maintain health, and that we need to eat more of some foods than others e.g. we all need to eat at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day.
- recognise that food and water are basic requirements of life.
- know that family and friends may eat or avoid certain foods.
- be aware that being active and looking after yourself are important for health, e.g. brushing teeth twice a day.
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| Consumer awareness |
- recognise that all food comes from plants or animals.
- recognise that food can be grown at home or purchased from local farms and markets, shops and supermarkets.
- be able to talk about which foods they like or dislike through tasting sessions.
- know that people choose different types of food, based on who they are with, preference, season, time and occasion (including celebrations).
- be aware that some foods have labels which provide information to help make a choice.
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| Cooking (Food preparation and handling skills) |
- recognise and taste a range of familiar ingredients, e.g. fruit, vegetables, cereals, dairy, meat, eggs.
- name and use a range of basic tools safely, e.g. small knife, chopping board, measuring spoon.
- use a range of food preparation skills with supervision, e.g. peeling, slicing, mixing, scooping, grating, spreading.
- with help prepare a range of healthy recipes safely and hygienically.
- recycle food packaging and be careful not to waste food when preparing and cooking.
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| Food safety |
- recognise the importance of preparing and cooking food safely and hygienically, e.g. cleaning up regularly.
- be able to get ready to cook, e.g. tie back long hair, wash hands, wear an apron.
- be aware that food purchased or cooked needs to be stored in different ways to keep it safe, e.g. fridge, freezer.
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| By the age of 11-12, children should: |
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| Diet and health |
- make food choices based on the understanding that a healthy diet is made up from a variety and balance of different food and drinks.
- be aware of the importance of a healthy and balanced diet, good oral health and being physically active for health and wellbeing.
- know that a variety of food is needed in the diet because different foods provide different substances for our health, namely nutrients, water and fibre.
- be aware that food needs change and that some people eat or avoid certain foods, e.g. allergy or religious belief.
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| Consumer awareness |
- research where and how food is produced and sold, e.g. growing food at school/home, visiting a farm.
- consider cost when helping to shop for food and cook.
- be aware that advertising can influence what they choose to eat.
- know that people choose different types of food and that this may be influenced by availability, season, need, cost, minimal packaging, where the food is produced, culture, religion and peer-pressure.
- read and make use of the main information on food labels to help make a choice.
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| Cooking (Food preparation and handling skills) |
- name, taste and prepare a broader range of ingredients and healthy recipes, accounting for ethnic diversity.
- select and use appropriate tools and equipment safely when preparing and cooking food.
- demonstrate an increasing range of food preparation skills, e.g. accurate weighing and measuring, kneading.
- know how to store, prepare and cook food safely and hygienically.
- actively minimise food waste, compost fruit and vegetable peelings and recycle food packaging.
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| Food safety |
- know that food safety means preventing contamination, spoilage and decay when handling and storing food, so that it is safe to eat.
- demonstrate good food safety practices when getting ready to store, prepare and cook food e.g. keep raw meats away from other food.
- use information on food labels to store food correctly.
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| By the age of 14, pupils should: |
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| Diet and health |
- use current healthy eating advice to choose a varied balanced diet for their needs, as well as being physically active.
- know that food provides energy and nutrients in different amounts; that they have important functions in the body; and that people require different amounts during their life, e.g. pregnancy, infant feeding.
- understand the importance of energy balance and the implications of dietary excess or deficiency, e.g. malnutrition, maintenance of a healthy weight.
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| Consumer awareness |
- know that food is produced, processed and sold in different ways, e.g. conventional and organic farming, fair trade.
- compare the cost of food when planning to eat out or cook at home.
- understand the influence of food marketing, advertising and promotion on their own diet and purchasing behaviour.
- understand that people eat or avoid certain foods according to religion, culture, ethical belief, health need or personal choices.
- be aware that food choice depends on many personal and lifestyle factors, e.g. role models, body image.
- use nutrition information and allergy advice panels on food labels to help make informed food choices.
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| Cooking (Food preparation and handling skills) |
- use a broader range of preparation techniques and methods when cooking, e.g. stir-frying, steaming, blending.
- use equipment safely, being aware of others' safety.
- with guidance modify recipes and cook dishes that promote current healthy eating messages.
- understand and use good food safety practices.
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| Food safety |
- understand the principles of cleaning, preventing cross-contamination, chilling, cooking food thoroughly and reheating food until it is piping hot.
- plan and carry out food storage, preparation and cooking safely and hygienically.
- understand and use date-mark and storage instructions on food labels.
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| By the age of 16+, students should: |
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| Diet and health |
- be able to apply current healthy eating recommendations, and understanding of peoples' needs, to their own diet and others', e.g. before and during pregnancy.
- be able to maintain a healthy weight throughout life, understanding the relationship between diet and physical activity, as well as taking into account other factors, e.g. advertising, food availability.
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| Consumer awareness |
- consider a wider range of factors when making food choices, e.g. seasonality, local food, sustainability.
- apply costing skills to make good food selections for health when eating out or cooking at home.
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| Cooking (Food preparation and handling skills) |
- apply skills and understanding competently to plan, prepare and safely cook dishes for a healthy, varied and balanced diet.
- be able to change recipes and dishes to make them healthier by altering ingredients, and/or by using different cooking methods, e.g. using herbs instead of salt, using low fat yogurt, grilling instead of frying.
- apply good food safety principles when buying, storing, preparing and cooking food.
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| Food safety |
- implement good food safety when handling, preparing, cooking and serving food, e.g. keeping raw and cooked food separate to avoid cross-contamination.
- apply food safety information on food labels when buying, storing and consuming food.
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