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Questions
Index

This page consists of a list of every question posed throughout the Biotechnology Atlas.
Click on a question to be taken through to the appropriate Checkpoint.
[Contents]
[Introduction]
[Abbreviations]
[Contact Points]
[Questions Index]
[Disclaimers]
[Purchase]
 
 
 
A | B | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | D | E | F1 | F2 | F3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | H | I1 | I2 | I3


  • A1
What is at issue, and is the Government aware?

 
  • A2
How are strategic issues in human genetics being tackled?

 
  • A3
How are strategic agriculture and environment issues being tackled?

 
  • A4
Is there a global strategy to improve biosafety?

 
  • A5
Will biotechnology operators have to make amends for any environmental damage?

 
  • A6
How are strategic issues in food safety being tackled?

 
  • A7
How can I get involved in strategic debate and decision making?

 
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  • B1
Why patent?

 
  • B2
What are the principal laws that apply to biotechnology patents?

 
  • B3
Which official bodies are responsible for the patenting process?

 
  • B4
Is my invention patentable?

 
  • B5
Are there any special requirements for patenting micro-organisms?

 
  • B6
Are there different procedures for protecting novel plant varieties?

 
  • B7
What about human material?

 
  • B8
How can I avoid infringing existing patents?

 
  • B9
How is international patent law and procedure organised?

 
  • B10
What is changing in the world of patent law?
 
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  • C1.1  
Which laws apply generally to technological operations?

 
  • C1.2
Are there special requirements for work with oncogenes?

 
  • C1.3

Which regulations apply specifically to biological agents?

 
  • C1.4
Which national advisory body covers biological agents?

 
  • C1.5
How have the 2002 Regulations improved the control of biological agents?

 
  • C1.6
What guidance is available to help me comply with COSHH?

 
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  • C2.1  
Which laws apply?

 
  • C2.2
Which bodies administer and enforce the law?

 
  • C2.3
Are there alternatives to the use of animals?

 
  • C2.4
How can I obtain a certificate of designation?

 
  • C2.5
How can I obtain a project licence?

 
  • C2.6
How can I obtain a personal licence?

 
  • C2.7
What will be required of me during the work?

 
  • C2.8
Are the laws and procedures likely to change?

 
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  • C3.1  
Which laws apply?

 
  • C3.2
What controls have been introduced to prevent overt misuse?

 
  • C3.3
What is the scope of new controls affecting bona fide biotechnology activities?

 
  • C3.4
What new duties have been imposed affecting those involved in bona fide biotechnology activities?

 
  • C3.5
How are international measures against bioterrorism likely to develop?

 
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  • C4.1  
What controls apply to the transport of biotechnology resources and products?

 
  • C4.2
What controls apply to the import of biotechnology resources and products?

 
  • C4.3
What controls apply to the export of biotechnology resources and products?

 
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  • D1
What is meant here by 'genetic modification' and 'contained use'?

 
  • D2
Which advisory and regulatory bodies ensure compliance with the law?

 
  • D3
What are the main requirements of the current regulations?

 
  • D4
How are the risks of contained use assessed and classified?

 
  • D5
How should I notify the premises to be used?

 
  • D6
How should I notify individual activities?

 
  • D7
Is notified information made public?

 
  • D8
What requirements must be met while the activity is being carried out?

 
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  • E1
Which advisory and regulatory bodies cover releases of novel GMOs?

 
  • E2
Which laws cover releases of GMOs?

 
  • E3
Under what circumstances must I obtain consent to the release of GMOs?

 
  • E4
Might other GM laws apply to my product as well?

 
  • E5
What approach should I take to product development?

 
  • E6
How do I go about obtaining consent?

 
  • E7
What must the public be told about GMO releases?

 
  • E8
What will be required of me during and after the release event?

 
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  • F1.1
Which substances are regulated as medicines?

 
  • F1.2
What are the principal laws?

 
  • F1.3
Which regulatory and advisory bodies cover human medicines?

 
  • F1.4
What procedures must I follow during product development?

 
  • F1.5
How should I conduct clinical trials?

 
  • F1.6
How can I obtain marketing authorisation?

 
  • F1.7
What manufacturing procedures must I follow?

 
  • F1.8
What controls are there on supply and product monitoring?

 
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  • F2.1
Which advisory and regulatory bodies cover veterinary medicines?

 
  • F2.2
What are the principal laws?

 
  • F2.3
What procedures must I follow when developing veterinary biotechnology products?

 
  • F2.4
How can I obtain a marketing authorisation for a veterinary biotechnology product?

 
  • F2.5
What rules must I follow when manufacturing a veterinary biotechnology product?

 
  • F2.6
What controls apply during the use of veterinary biotechnology products?

 
  • F2.7
Are there likely to be changes in the law affecting veterinary biotechnology products?

 
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  • F3.1
Which regulatory and advisory bodies cover medical devices and in vitro diagnostics?

 
  • F3.2
Which items are legally classed as medical devices?

 
  • F3.3
What must be done before a medical device may be placed on the market?

 
  • F3.4
Which items are legally classed as in vitro diagnostic devices?

 
  • F3.5
What must be done before an in vitro diagnostic device may be placed on the market?

 
  • F3.6
Are there further regulatory developments in prospect?

 
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  • G1.1
How is stem cell research regulated?

 
  • G1.2
Is human cloning permitted?

 
  • G1.3
What is gene therapy?

 
  • G1.4
Which advisory and regulatory bodies cover gene therapy?

 
  • G1.5
Must gene therapy be authorised?

 
  • G1.6
What is xenotransplantation?

 
  • G1.7
Which advisory body specialises in xenotransplantation?

 
  • G1.8
Must xenotransplantation be authorised?

 
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  • G2.1
What is stem cell research?

 
  • G2.2
How is stem cell research regulated?

 
  • G2.3
What are the policy trends in stem cell research?

 
  • G2.4
What is gene therapy?

 
  • G2.5
Which advisory and regulatory bodies cover gene therapy?

 
  • G2.6
Must gene therapy be authorised?

 
  • G2.7
Is human cloning permitted?

 
  • G2.8
What is xenotransplantation?

 
  • G2.9
Which advisory body specialises in xenotransplantation?

 
  • G2.10
Must xenotransplantation be authorised?

 
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  • G3.1
What are the principal laws determining rights of access to personal information?

 
  • G3.2
How may genetic tests and their results be used for health care and personal profiling?

 
  • G3.3
How are the risks and benefits of prenatal genetic testing regulated?

 
  • G3.4
How may genetic tests and their results be used in forensics?

 
  • G3.5
How may genetic tests and their results be used to establish family relationships?

 
  • G3.6
May genetic tests and results be applied for utilitarian ends, such as by insurers or employers?

 
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  • H1
How does regulation affect environmental biotechnology?

 
  • H2
How can biologicals be used to assess the state of the environment?

 
  • H3
How can biotechnology be used to replace hazardous chemicals?

 
  • H4
How can bioremediation be carried out?

 
  • H5
Does the law influence the feasibility of bioremediation activities?

 
  • H6
Which laws cover releases of non-native organisms?

 
  • H7
How are health risks to native organisms controlled?

 
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  • I1.1
Who is responsible for regulating plant propagation materials?

 
  • I1.2
Which laws control the marketing of seed from novel agricultural crops?

 
  • I1.3
How can I obtain authorisation to market novel seeds?

 
  • I1.4
How must GM seeds be identified to the supply chain?

 
  • I1.5
Is the law on GM seeds likely to change?

 
  • I1.6
What are the laws covering genetically modified trees?

 
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  • I2.1
Which advisory and regulatory bodies cover animal feed?

 
  • I2.2
What are the principal regulations?

 
  • I2.3
How are enzyme and cell technologies regulated in relation to animal feed?

 
  • I2.4
How is the inclusion of GM products in animal feed regulated?

 
  • I2.5
What claims may be made on GM feed product labels?

 
  • I2.6
Is the law on GM animal feed likely to change?

 
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  • I3.1
Where can I find out about the law on novel food ingredients, additives and processing aids?

 
  • I3.2
What are the principal laws covering novel foods?

 
  • I3.3
Which regulatory and advisory bodies cover novel foods?

 
  • I3.4
How should I assess the safety of novel foods before applying for marketing authorisation?

 
  • I3.5
How can I obtain authorisation to market a novel food?

 
  • I3.6
Is there a simplified procedure for more straightforward cases?

 
  • I3.7
How must novel foods be labelled?

 
  • I3.8
What is the regulatory position on post-market monitoring of novel foods?  
     
   
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