Transport and the economy: full report (SACTRA)

Summary Report
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Terms of Reference
Method of Working
Interim Report
New Policy Context
Conceptual Issues
Some General Observations
Structure of the Report
Acknowledgements
Chapter 2 - The Debate about Transport and the Economy
Introduction
The Need to Understand the Relationship between Transport and the Economy
The Nature of the Debate about Transport and the Economy
Transport and Economic Trends
Micro-Level Relationship between Transport and the Economy
Spatial Issues
Macro-Level Relationship between Transport and the Economy
Chapter 3 - Key Concepts Explained
Introduction
Transport: Some Definitions
GDP as a Measure of Economic Performance
Sustainable Development
The Sources of Economic Growth
Efficient Allocations of Resources
Applying the Principles of Marginal Cost Pricing
Social Cost Benefit Analysis
Overview of Chapters 4 and 5
Causes of economic growth
Transport improvements considered as reductions to trade barriers
Theoretical modelling of transport effects in the context of imperfect competition
Freight and logistics
Labour markets
Housing market
Local and regional effects
Recommendations
Conclusion
Chapter 4 - The Linking Mechanisms: An Outline
Introduction
Transport and the Economy
Robustness
Land-Use/Transport Interaction Models, Imperfect Competition and the Evaluation of Economic Benefits
Conclusions
Chapter 5 - Linkages in a Spatial Economy
Introduction
How Firms Respond to Transport Changes
How Labour and Housing Markets Respond to Transport Changes
Agglomeration and Geography
Input-Output Models
The Role Of Land-Use/Transport Interaction Models
Chapter 6 - Transport Intensity
The Potential for 'Decoupling' Economic Growth from Traffic Growth
Introduction
Transport Intensity
Price and other Policy-related Influences on Traffic Volumes
Conclusion
Chapter 7 - The Economic Impacts of Reducing Traffic
Introduction
Market Failures in Road Transport
Double-Dividends and Economic Growth
Compensation
Measures to Reduce Traffic and their Economic Impact
Implications for Appraisal
Conclusions
Chapter 8 - Implications For Appraisal
Introduction
The Context For Our Considerations
Implications for Appraising the Effects of Transport Interventions on the Economy
Appraisal Requirement 1: What is the Rationale for the Intervention?
Appraisal Requirement 2A: What are the Benefits/Disbenefits of the Intervention Calculated Using Conventional Transport Cost Benefit Analysis (Using Best Practice and on the Assumption of a Perfectly Competitive Economy outside the Transport Sector)?
Appraisal Requirement 2B: What are the Total Economic Impacts of the Intervention?
Appraisal Requirement 3: What is the Pattern of Gains and Losses, in both Economic Activity and Jobs, which will arise from the Intervention?
Relationship with our Interim Report Diagnostic Tests
Interventions: Schemes and Projects, Regions and Corridor Strategies, and National Policies
Chapter 9 - Current Appraisal Practice
Introduction
An Overview Of Current Appraisal Practice
The Content of this Chapter
Cost Benefit Analysis
Chapter 10 - Recommendations for an Improved Appraisal Practice
Introduction
Emphasis and Structure of this Chapter
Observations from the Consultees
Appraisal Requirement 1:
What is the Rationale for the Intervention?
Appraisal Requirement 2A:
What are the Benefits/Disbenefits of the Intervention Calculated using Conventional Transport Cost Benefit Analysis (Using Best Practice and on the Assumption of a Perfectly Competitive Economy outside the Transport Sector)?
Appraisal Requirement 2B:
What are the Total Economic Impacts of the Intervention?
Appraisal Requirement 3: What is the Pattern of Gains and Losses, in both Economic Activity and Jobs, which will arise from the Intervention?
Ex-Post Evaluation Studies
Equilibrium Modelling
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 11 - List of Recommendations
Introduction
The Nature and Significance of the Relationship between Transport and the Economy
The Scope to Reduce the Transport 'Intensity' of the Economy
Improvements to Current Appraisal Practice
Appendix A - List of Members and Terms of Reference
List of Members
Members of the SACTRA Secretariat
Terms of Reference for SACTRA
Appendix B - Evidence Supplied to the SACTRA Committee
Section One
the committee's request for evidence
1) Chairman's letter of 3 march 1997
2) Annex a of the Chairman's letter
General Issues
3) Annex B of the Chairman's letter
The Relationship Between Improvements In Transport Provision And Economic Growth
4) Annex c of the Chairman's letter
Conventional Cost Benefit Appraisal Methods For Transport
5) Annex D of the chairman's letter
The Impact On Economic Growth Of Measures To Reduce Transport Intensity
Section Two
Responses & contributions
6) Written Evidence
7) SACRA research
8) Miscellaneous consultancy
9) Other submissions to SACTRA
Appendix C - Economic Effects of Transportation Activities
Appendix D - Interpretation and Analysis of Transport Intensity
Analysis of Transport Intensity
Differences in Intensity
Appendix E - Benefits and Disbenefits of Traffic Reduction Measures
General Appraisal Issues with respect to Traffic Reduction Measures
Urban Congestion Charging
Parking Controls
Motorway Charging
Road Capacity Reductions or Roadspace Reallocations
Bibliography
Summary Report
Chapter 2
The Debate about Transport and the Economy
Chapter 3
Key Concepts Explained
Overview of Chapters 4 and 5
Chapter 4
The Linking Mechanisms: An Outline
Chapter 5
Linkages In A Spatial Economy
Chapter 6
Transport Intensity and the Potential for 'Decoupling' Economic Growth from Traffic Growth
Chapter 7
The Economic Impacts of Reducing Traffic
Chapter 8
Implications For Appraisal
Chapter 9
Current Appraisal Practice
Chapter 10
Recommendations for an Improved Appraisal Practice
Appendix C
Appendix D

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