Social protection | Governance | Health | HIV/AIDS | Natural disasters/emergencies | Environment/climate change | Water/sanitation
Indonesia’s decentralised democracy is thriving, but the ability of provincial and district governments to deliver services is often weak and many people remain in danger of falling back into absolute poverty. DFID’s programme aims to prevent this by strengthening decentralised governance and service delivery, addressing health issues such as HIV/AIDS and maternal mortality, tackling deforestation and supporting disaster risk reduction and relief.
DFID's programme in Indonesia has grown from £16.6 million in 2001-02 to £34.4 million in 2007-08. The total amount that we plan to spend in 2008-2011 is £75 million.
The Program Nasional Pemderdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) – National Programme for Community Empowerment – is the government of Indonesia’s prime national-level plan to reduce poverty in the communities in which 110 million Indonesians live in need. With a budget of US$1 billion, it is the largest social protection programme in the world.
DFID's PNPM Support Facility (PSF), worth £4 million (2008–10), is providing high-quality, responsive and coordinated technical assistance and planning advice to the PNPM, plus financing for monitoring and evaluation. There is also support for civil society engagement, as well as targeted financial assistance to the government to support and increase the effectiveness of the PNPM.
The Indonesian government’s decentralisation programme aims to create a broad-based democratic framework of governance so that public services are more responsive and accountable within an environment conducive to the rapid socio-economic development of all regions. To support this major reform, DFID has created its flagship programme – the Decentralisation Support Facility (DSF), a multi-donor office to which we are contributing £25 million (2006–09). This will test new ways of coordinating international development assistance for decentralisation, to make aid more effective.
The Initiative for Local Governance Reform (ILGR), to which DFID is giving £6.2 million (2005–09), aims to strengthen the ability of district governments to reform public finances, deliver public services, develop 'pro-poor' policies and make policy-making more transparent and with more public participation. Currently 14 districts are taking part in this initiative. They have passed by-laws on transparency and participation, with some districts having already established a Transparency and Participation Commission and developed poverty reduction strategies.
With DFID support worth £10 million (2005–10), the Improved Maternal Health in Indonesia programme is being implemented by UNICEF in 22 selected districts in seven provinces: West Java, Central Java, East Java, Banten, South Sulawesi, Maluku and North Maluku. It seeks to improve health services, systems and behaviours that influence the outcomes of pregnancies and births. A new initiative at the sub-district level is fostering partnerships between trained midwives and traditional birth attendants to reduce the deaths of women shortly before, during or shortly after giving birth. In addition, staff have been trained in a ‘district team problem-solving’ approach to improve the planning of maternal health programmes.
DFID is giving £4.2 million (2006–09) to the Safer Motherhood Project being implemented by the German development agency GTZ. This aims to improve maternal health services and systems in East and West Nusa Tenggara, which are among the poorest provinces in Indonesia, and to increase women's access to them, as well as provide training for birth attendants.
DFID is providing £2 million (2009-2011) to the government of Indonesia to carry out a comprehensive health sector review and health systems performance assessment. DFID funds will ensure that review focuses on maternal health and policy. The funds are channeled through the World Bank. Their technical assistance will enable a review of the government's current policies and programmes on maternal health. This will allow a full understanding of the challenges of reducing maternal mortality.
We're also working with the World Health Organisation on a tuberculosis programme (£2 million, 2005–09) that aims to support effective diagnosis of and treatment for TB for all patients within the existing health-care systems in Indonesia. The most recent data has shown a significant increase in the rates for case detection and stable treatment success, plus a significant fall in the annual rate of infection over the past 20 years.
DFID is the first donor (£28 million, 2005–10) to support the Indonesian Partnership Fund for HIV/AIDS (IPF), a programme implemented by the National AIDS Commission (NAC). It aims to halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS infection among and from core transmission groups, and to strengthen the NAC and support provincial and district AIDS commissions.
With IPF support, the NAC Secretariat is now fully staffed and operational and is leading the preparation of the next national HIV/AIDS strategic plan. There has also been a significant increase in use of prevention measures:
Indonesia has suffered an unprecedented series of natural disasters: the Aceh tsunami of December 2004, the Nias earthquake of March 2005, the Yogyakarta and Central Java earthquake of May 2006 and many smaller earthquakes, tsunamis and floods.
From the 10% of tsunami funds set aside by DFID to support disaster management programmes, we are funding Safer Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction in Development (£4.5 million, 2007–10). Implemented by the UN Development Programme in partnership with the Indonesian government, this is establishing a new national disaster management agency through education, prevention, early warning, mitigation, emergency response and training.
DFID is the third largest contributor to the Multi Donor Fund (MDF) for Aceh and Nias (£38.5 million, 2005–12), a major reconstruction trust fund. The MDF supports an integrated approach to community recovery including the provision of housing, land titles and community infrastructure, transport and infrastructure at district and provincial level, and projects that support the sustainable management of the environment. Results so far include:
Also in Aceh is the Transparency International programme (£982,000, 2006–10). This seeks to strengthen the participation of the people there, especially tsunami survivors, in monitoring tsunami reconstruction projects through community-level training and monitoring activities. It also aims to work with national and local government to establish more accountable management systems for these projects, including the creation of an effective mechanism for handling complaints. And the Support for Poor and Disadvantaged Areas (SPADA) programme (£6 million, 2007–09) in Aceh supports post-conflict reintegration and strengthens local government through public financial reform, access to justice, social services and private-sector development.
DFID is helping to stamp out illegal logging by contributing £5 million (2007–10) to the Forest Governance and Trade Programme. This seeks to establish an international timber trade agreement with the government of Indonesia in order to:
DFID has also been developing a programme on climate change issues in Indonesia. In December 2008, the Indonesian government, represented by BAPPENAS (Ministry of Planning), and DFID, signed a Letter of Arrangement titled 'Development co-operation to support poverty reduction through national response to climate change'. DFID plans to provide grant financing of up to £10 million between December 2008 and March 2011.
It will focus DFID support in four areas:
The Asian Development Bank's Community Water Services and Health Project, for which DFID has provided £4 million (2005–09), aims to improve access to safe drinking water supplies and sanitation and better hygiene behaviour in low-income communities in rural areas of Aceh and Nias.
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