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About Vibration White Finger (VWF)

About Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)

What is it?

This is an injury to the arm, hand, wrists, fingers or thumbs which has been caused by or contributed to by exposure to vibration. There are two main disabilities common for mineworkers:

  1. Vibration White Finger (VWF)
  2. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

VWF

This is specifically an injury to the fingers, thumbs or hands, wrists or arms which is caused or contributed to by exposure to vibration. This can result in a reduction of dexterity and ability to carry out common functions using these areas of the body.

CTS

This is a pain is caused in the arms and wrists and numbness and tingling in the hands. This is a result of the compression of a median nerve. This may caused by vibration. About 3 in 100 men and 11 in 100 women develop CTS at some point in their life. Sometimes it simply gets better without any treatment.

Proof of Exposure

It is necessary to prove exposure to vibratory tools before a claimant is allowed through to Medical Assessment Process (MAP).

Occupational Groups

Miners' employment records were first collected to determine whether the claimant worked in an occupation in which it was agreed that he would have normally used vibrating tools. For the purpose of paying compensation for VWF, 3 occupational groups were identified. It has been accepted that claimants’ who worked within a Group 1 or 2 occupation for a qualifying period, would have had sufficient vibratory tool exposure to be damaging.

Group 3

Group 3 claimants were not considered to have normally used vibratory tools as part of their job description and these claims are initially denied. However, the Department agreed that some Group 3 claimants would have had exposure to vibratory tools.
A detailed procedure, the Occupational Group Procedure (OGP), was agreed in April 2001 with the Claimants' Solicitors for processing such Group 3 claims. Those within this occupational group were required to provide witness statements, confirming exposure to vibration, in an agreed format. With this information and any other evidence available, the claim was reviewed to determine whether liability would be accepted.

Medical Assessment Process (MAP)

The MAP consists of an examination and a series of tests by a doctor and trained technician alongside the gathering of information on the claimant's symptoms.  It determines a staging on the severity of the claimant's VWF, which, in turn, determines the level of compensation to be paid.

The claims handlers calculate the compensation in accordance with tariffs agreed with the claimants' solicitors, making reductions where other agreed conditions exist which cause similar symptoms to VWF.

The standardised test are a series of tests as follows:

  • The Vibrotactile Threshold test is used to test the mechanoreceptors (sensation specific endings) in the nerves. The mechanoreceptors have particular functions in that they respond to stretch, edge and texture and the receptors respond at different frequencies. Measurements are taken from the median nerve (index finger) and the ulnar nerve (little finger) in each hand at 2 frequencies.
  • The Thermal Aesthesiometry test measures the thermal receptors in the nerves i.e. cold/heat threshold. Readings are again taken from the median nerve (index finger) and the ulnar nerve (little finger).
  • The Purdue Pegboard test is a measure of dexterity and detects loss of fine movement to both hands.
  • The Grip Force measurement test measures the grip strength of both hands. This test is not scored but is a useful indication of vibration damage to muscles of the hand and forearm. 

Additional Issues and Information

Cut-off date

The cut off dates for entry into the scheme for live and posthumous claimants have now long passed - 31 October 2002 and 31 January 2003 respectively. Claims may still be made under common law procedures and should be made through a local solicitor.

Interest

Until the date an offer is accepted, interest shall run on General Damages from the date of the letter of claim. On receipt of an offer for General Damages, a claimant could intimate that they would like to also make a Services claim. At this stage a 100% interim payment for General Damages would be made. A set of claimant and helper questionnaires then had to be submitted before Capita could begin processing the Services part of the claim.

VWF Services

The claimant submitted a staging specific application and each of their helpers should provided supporting evidence using a separate form. Capita then investigated each case and phone helpers to validate the information that has been provided. Once validated, Capita prepared the claim for the Services medical.

VWF Services offers

A VWF Services offer was made to the claimant following a review of the medical report and the other documents associated with the claim. Offers were made on a tariff basis for claimants who died prior to the original VWF MAP1.